What commonly causes chronic renal failure?

Chronic renal failure, also known as chronic kidney disease (CKD), is frequently caused by long-term health conditions that gradually impair kidney function. Hypertension (high blood pressure) and diabetes mellitus are the two most prevalent conditions leading to chronic renal failure. Over time, uncontrolled high blood pressure can damage the blood vessels in the kidneys, reducing their ability to filter waste effectively. Similarly, diabetes can cause damage to the kidneys through a condition known as diabetic nephropathy, where high blood sugar levels lead to changes in kidney structure and function.

These conditions lead to a progressive loss of kidney function, which is often asymptomatic in the early stages. This gradual decline makes it crucial for individuals with hypertension and diabetes to manage their conditions effectively to prevent the onset of chronic renal failure. In contrast, dehydration and excessive urination, while important health concerns, do not typically cause chronic renal failure. They may lead to acute issues but are not the root causes of the chronic and progressive nature of renal failure seen with hypertension or diabetes.